Important Historical Events of the year 1863, Year 1863 in History

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List of 1863 Major News Events in History, Most Important Historical Events in 1863

What happened in the year 1863?

Date	Event
January 1, 1863	American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory.
January 4, 1863	The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.
January 8, 1863	American Civil War: Second Battle of Springfield.
January 10, 1863	The Metropolitan Railway, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between Paddington and Farringdon, marking the beginning of the London Underground.
January 11, 1863	American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post: General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union.
January 11, 1863	American Civil War: CSS Alabama encounters and sinks the USS Hatteras off Galveston Lighthouse in Texas.
January 22, 1863	The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation by Russia.
January 26, 1863	American Civil War: General Ambrose Burnside is relieved of command of the Army of the Potomac after the disastrous Fredericksburg campaign. He is replaced by Joseph Hooker.
January 26, 1863	American Civil War: Governor of Massachusetts John Albion Andrew receives permission from the Secretary of War to raise a militia organization for men of African descent.
January 29, 1863	The Bear River Massacre: A detachment of California Volunteers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor engage the Shoshone at Bear River, Washington Territory, killing hundreds of men, women and children.
February 7, 1863	HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189.
February 17, 1863	A group of citizens of Geneva found an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, which later became known as the International Committee of the Red Cross.
February 24, 1863	Arizona is organized as a United States territory.
March 19, 1863	The SS Georgiana, said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, medicines, and merchandise then valued at over $1,000,000.
March 30, 1863	Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.
April 2, 1863	American Civil War: The largest in a series of Southern bread riots occurs in Richmond, Virginia.
April 16, 1863	American Civil War: During the Vicksburg Campaign, gunboats commanded by acting Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter run downriver past Confederate artillery batteries at Vicksburg.
April 17, 1863	American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins: Troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
April 30, 1863	A 65-man French Foreign Legion infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man in Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.
May 1, 1863	American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville begins.
May 2, 1863	American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later.
May 6, 1863	American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with the defeat of the Army of the Potomac by the Army of Northern Virginia.
May 12, 1863	American Civil War: Battle of Raymond: Two divisions of James B. McPherson's XVII Corps turn the left wing of Confederate General John C. Pemberton's defensive line on Fourteen Mile Creek, opening up the interior of Mississippi to the Union Army during the Vicksburg Campaign.
May 14, 1863	American Civil War: The Battle of Jackson takes place.
May 17, 1863	Rosalía de Castro publishes Cantares Gallegos, the first book in the Galician language.
May 18, 1863	American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins.
May 21, 1863	American Civil War: The Union Army succeeds in closing off the last escape route from Port Hudson, Louisiana, in preparation for the coming siege.
May 22, 1863	American Civil War: Union forces begin the Siege of Port Hudson which lasts 48 days, the longest siege in U.S. military history.
May 23, 1863	The General German Workers' Association, a precursor of the modern Social Democratic Party of Germany, is founded in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony.
May 27, 1863	American Civil War: First Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson.
June 9, 1863	American Civil War: The Battle of Brandy Station in Virginia, the largest cavalry battle on American soil, ends Confederate cavalry dominance in the eastern theater.
June 10, 1863	During the French intervention in Mexico, Mexico City is captured by French troops.
June 14, 1863	American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
June 14, 1863	Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
June 17, 1863	American Civil War: Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign.
June 20, 1863	American Civil War: West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
July 1, 1863	Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) in Suriname, marking the abolition of slavery by the Netherlands.
July 1, 1863	American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg begins.
July 3, 1863	American Civil War: The final day of the Battle of Gettysburg culminates with Pickett's Charge.
July 4, 1863	American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg: Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to U.S. forces under Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege.
July 4, 1863	American Civil War: Union forces repulse a Confederate army at the Battle of Helena in Arkansas. The Confederate loss fails to relieve pressure on the besieged city of Vicksburg, and paves the way for the Union to capture Little Rock.
July 4, 1863	American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Confederate invasion of U.S. territory.
July 7, 1863	The United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
July 9, 1863	American Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson ends, giving the Union complete control of the Mississippi River.
July 13, 1863	New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
July 18, 1863	American Civil War: Second Battle of Fort Wagner: One of the first formal African American military units, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, supported by several white regiments, attempts an unsuccessful assault on Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
July 19, 1863	American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
July 26, 1863	American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends; At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
July 30, 1863	American Indian Wars: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including Chief Pocatello (of the Shoshone) sign the Treaty of Box Elder.
August 1, 1863	At the suggestion of Senator J. V. Snellman and the order of Emperor Alexander II, full rights were promised to the Finnish language by a language regulation in the Grand Duchy of Finland.
August 4, 1863	Matica slovenská, Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation, is established in Martin.
August 8, 1863	American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (which is refused upon receipt).
August 8, 1863	Tennessee Military Governor Andrew Johnson frees his personal slaves in Greeneville, Tennessee despite them being exempt from the Emancipation Proclamation, now commemorated as Emancipation Day in the state.
August 15, 1863	The Anglo-Satsuma War begins between the Satsuma Domain of Japan and the United Kingdom (Traditional Japanese date: July 2, 1863).
August 16, 1863	The Dominican Restoration War begins when Gregorio Luperón raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain had recolonized the country.
August 17, 1863	American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.
August 21, 1863	Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by pro-Confederate guerrillas known as Quantrill's Raiders.
August 26, 1863	The Swedish-language liberal newspaper Helsingfors Dagblad proposed the current blue-and-white cross flag as the flag of Finland.
September 6, 1863	American Civil War: Confederate forces evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.
September 7, 1863	American Civil War: Union troops under Quincy A. Gillmore capture Fort Wagner in Morris Island after a seven-week siege.
September 8, 1863	American Civil War: In the Second Battle of Sabine Pass, a small Confederate force thwarts a Union invasion of Texas.
September 9, 1863	American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
September 16, 1863	Robert College, in Istanbul, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
September 18, 1863	American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga begins between Confederate and Union forces. It involves the second highest amount of casualties for any American Civil War battle apart from Gettysburg.
September 19, 1863	American Civil War: The first day of the Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict, and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western Theater.
September 20, 1863	American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, ends in a Confederate victory.
September 30, 1863	Georges Bizet's opera Les pêcheurs de perles, premiered in Paris.
October 3, 1863	The last Thursday in November is declared as Thanksgiving Day by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.
October 14, 1863	American Civil War: Confederate troops under the command of A. P. Hill fail to drive the Union Army completely out of Virginia.
October 15, 1863	American Civil War: The H. L. Hunley, the first submarine to sink a ship, sinks, killing its inventor.
October 26, 1863	The Football Association is founded.
October 29, 1863	Eighteen countries meet in Geneva and agree to form the International Red Cross.
October 29, 1863	American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant repel a Confederate attack led by General James Longstreet. Union forces thus open a supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee.
October 30, 1863	Danish Prince Vilhelm arrives in Athens to assume his throne as George I, King of the Hellenes.
October 31, 1863	The New Zealand Wars resume as British forces in New Zealand led by General Duncan Cameron begin their Invasion of the Waikato.
November 16, 1863	American Civil War: In the Battle of Campbell's Station, Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces which allows General Ambrose Burnside to secure Knoxville, Tennessee.
November 17, 1863	American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege.
November 18, 1863	King Christian IX of Denmark signs the November constitution that declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark. This is seen by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol and leads to the German–Danish war of 1864.
November 19, 1863	American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
November 23, 1863	American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga begins: Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and counter-attack Confederate troops.
November 24, 1863	American Civil War: Battle of Lookout Mountain: Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg.
November 25, 1863	American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge: Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg at Missionary Ridge in Tennessee.
November 26, 1863	United States President Abraham Lincoln proclaims November 26 as a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated annually on the final Thursday of November. Following the Franksgiving controversy from 1939 to 1941, it has been observed on the fourth Thursday in 1942 and subsequent years.
November 27, 1863	American Civil War: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio Penitentiary and return safely to the South.
November 27, 1863	American Civil War: Battle of Mine Run: Union forces under General George Meade take up positions against troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
November 29, 1863	Union forces under Ambrose Burnside successfully defend Knoxville, Tennessee from Confederate forces under James Longstreet in the Battle of Fort Sanders in the American Civil War.
December 14, 1863	American Civil War: The Confederate victory under General James Longstreet at the Battle of Bean's Station in East Tennessee ends the Knoxville Campaign, but achieves very little as Longstreet returns to Virginia next spring.
December 16, 1863	American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.